word | | Political pressure groups and leaders |
| rebel | Chad | rebel groups |
| rebel | Niger | The Nigerien Movement for Justice or MNJ, a predominantly Tuareg rebel group |
| rebel | Sudan | ... Popular Congress Party or PCP [Hassan al-TURABI]; Democratic Unionist Party [Muhammad Uthman al-Mirghani]; Darfur rebel groups including the Justice and Equality Movement or JEM [Khalil IBRAHIM] and the Sudan Liberation ... |
| rebels | Mali | other: the army; Islamic authorities; rebels in the northern region; state-run cotton company CMDT; tuaregs |
| recognized | Tajikistan | splinter parties recognized by the government but not by the base of the party: Democratic Party or DPT [Masud SOBIROV] (splintered from ISKANDAROV's DPT); Socialist Party or SPT [Abduhalim GHAFFOROV] (splintered ... |
| recognized | Vietnam | 8406 Bloc; Democratic Party of Vietnam or DPV; People's Democratic Party Vietnam or PDP-VN; Alliance for Democracy note: these groups advocate democracy but are not recognized by the government |
| Reconciliation | Madagascar | Committee for the Defense of Truth and Justice or KMMR; Committee for National Reconciliation or CRN [Albert Zafy]; National Council of Christian Churches or FFKM |
| recording | Russia | ... Collective Action; Memorial (human rights group); Movement Against Illegal Migration; Pamjat (preservation of historical monuments and recording of history); Russian Orthodox Church; Russian Federation of Car Owners; Russian-Chechen Friendship Society; SOVA ... |
| Red | Albania | Red and Black Alliance [Kreshnik SPAHIU]; Front for Albanian National Unification or FBKSH [Gafur ADILI]; Mjaft Movement [Elton KACIDHJA]; Omonia [Vasil BOLLANO]; Union of Independent Trade Unions of Albania or BSPSH [Gezim ... |
| Reform | Cook Islands | Reform Conference (lobby for political system changes) other: various groups lobbying for political change |
| reform | Equatorial Guinea | ASODEGUE (Madrid-based pressure group for democratic reform); EG Justice (US-based anti-corruption group) |
| reform | Ghana | Christian Aid (water rights); Committee for Joint Action or CJA (education reform); National Coalition Against the Privatization of Water or CAP (water rights); Oxfam (water rights); Public Citizen (water rights); Students Coalition ... |
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