| Country | Climate |
| Afghanistan | arid to semiarid; cold winters and hot summers |
| Akrotiri | temperate; Mediterranean with hot, dry summers and cool winters |
| Albania | mild temperate; cool, cloudy, wet winters; hot, clear, dry summers; interior is cooler and wetter |
| Algeria | arid to semiarid; mild, wet winters with hot, dry summers along coast; drier with cold winters and hot summers on high plateau; sirocco is a hot, dust/sand-laden wind especially common in summer |
| American Samoa | tropical marine, moderated by southeast trade winds; annual rainfall averages about 3 m; rainy season (November to April), dry season (May to October); little seasonal temperature variation |
| Andorra | temperate; snowy, cold winters and warm, dry summers |
| Angola | semiarid in south and along coast to Luanda; north has cool, dry season (May to October) and hot, rainy season (November to April) |
| Anguilla | tropical; moderated by northeast trade winds |
| Antarctica | severe low temperatures vary with latitude, elevation, and distance from the ocean; East Antarctica is colder than West Antarctica because of its higher elevation; Antarctic Peninsula has the most moderate climate; higher temperatures occur in January along the coast and average slightly below freezing |
| Antigua and Barbuda | tropical maritime; little seasonal temperature variation |
| Arctic Ocean | polar climate characterized by persistent cold and relatively narrow annual temperature ranges; winters characterized by continuous darkness, cold and stable weather conditions, and clear skies; summers characterized by continuous daylight, damp and foggy weather, and weak cyclones with rain or snow |
| Argentina | mostly temperate; arid in southeast; subantarctic in southwest |
| Armenia | highland continental, hot summers, cold winters |
| Aruba | tropical marine; little seasonal temperature variation |
| Ashmore and Cartier Islands | tropical |
| Atlantic Ocean | tropical cyclones (hurricanes) develop off the coast of Africa near Cape Verde and move westward into the Caribbean Sea; hurricanes can occur from May to December, but are most frequent from August to November |
| Australia | generally arid to semiarid; temperate in south and east; tropical in north |
| Austria | temperate; continental, cloudy; cold winters with frequent rain and some snow in lowlands and snow in mountains; moderate summers with occasional showers |
| Azerbaijan | dry, semiarid steppe |
| Bahamas, The | tropical marine; moderated by warm waters of Gulf Stream |
| Bahrain | arid; mild, pleasant winters; very hot, humid summers |
| Bangladesh | tropical; mild winter (October to March); hot, humid summer (March to June); humid, warm rainy monsoon (June to October) |
| Barbados | tropical; rainy season (June to October) |
| Belarus | cold winters, cool and moist summers; transitional between continental and maritime |
| Belgium | temperate; mild winters, cool summers; rainy, humid, cloudy |
| Belize | tropical; very hot and humid; rainy season (May to November); dry season (February to May) |
| Benin | tropical; hot, humid in south; semiarid in north |
| Bermuda | subtropical; mild, humid; gales, strong winds common in winter |
| Bhutan | varies; tropical in southern plains; cool winters and hot summers in central valleys; severe winters and cool summers in Himalayas |
| Bolivia | varies with altitude; humid and tropical to cold and semiarid |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | hot summers and cold winters; areas of high elevation have short, cool summers and long, severe winters; mild, rainy winters along coast |
| Botswana | semiarid; warm winters and hot summers |
| Bouvet Island | antarctic |
| Brazil | mostly tropical, but temperate in south |
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