| Country | Climate |
| Afghanistan | arid to semiarid; cold winters and hot summers |
| Akrotiri | temperate; Mediterranean with hot, dry summers and cool winters |
| Albania | mild temperate; cool, cloudy, wet winters; hot, clear, dry summers; interior is cooler and wetter |
| Algeria | arid to semiarid; mild, wet winters with hot, dry summers along coast; drier with cold winters and hot summers on high plateau; sirocco is a hot, dust/sand-laden wind especially common in summer |
| American Samoa | tropical marine, moderated by southeast trade winds; annual rainfall averages about 3 m; rainy season (November to April), dry season (May to October); little seasonal temperature variation |
| Andorra | temperate; snowy, cold winters and warm, dry summers |
| Angola | semiarid in south and along coast to Luanda; north has cool, dry season (May to October) and hot, rainy season (November to April) |
| Anguilla | tropical; moderated by northeast trade winds |
| Antarctica | severe low temperatures vary with latitude, elevation, and distance from the ocean; East Antarctica is colder than West Antarctica because of its higher elevation; Antarctic Peninsula has the most moderate climate; higher temperatures occur in January along the coast and average slightly below freezing |
| Antigua and Barbuda | tropical maritime; little seasonal temperature variation |
| Arctic Ocean | polar climate characterized by persistent cold and relatively narrow annual temperature ranges; winters characterized by continuous darkness, cold and stable weather conditions, and clear skies; summers characterized by continuous daylight, damp and foggy weather, and weak cyclones with rain or snow |
| Argentina | mostly temperate; arid in southeast; subantarctic in southwest |
| Armenia | highland continental, hot summers, cold winters |
| Aruba | tropical marine; little seasonal temperature variation |
| Ashmore and Cartier Islands | tropical |
| Atlantic Ocean | 
tropical cyclones (hurricanes) develop off the coast of Africa near Cape Verde and move westward into the Caribbean Sea; hurricanes can occur from May to December but are most frequent from August to November |
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