| Country | Climate |
| New Zealand | temperate with sharp regional contrasts |
| Nicaragua | tropical in lowlands, cooler in highlands |
| Niger | desert; mostly hot, dry, dusty; tropical in extreme south |
| Nigeria | varies; equatorial in south, tropical in center, arid in north |
| Niue | tropical; modified by southeast trade winds |
| Norfolk Island | subtropical; mild, little seasonal temperature variation |
| Northern Mariana Islands | tropical marine; moderated by northeast trade winds, little seasonal temperature variation; dry season December to June, rainy season July to October |
| Norway | temperate along coast, modified by North Atlantic Current; colder interior with increased precipitation and colder summers; rainy year-round on west coast |
| Oman | dry desert; hot, humid along coast; hot, dry interior; strong southwest summer monsoon (May to September) in far south |
| Pacific Ocean | planetary air pressure systems and resultant wind patterns exhibit remarkable uniformity in the south and east; trade winds and westerly winds are well-developed patterns, modified by seasonal fluctuations; tropical cyclones (hurricanes) may form south of Mexico from June to October and affect Mexico and Central America; continental influences cause climatic uniformity to be much less pronounced in the eastern and western regions at the same latitude in the North Pacific Ocean; the western Pacific is monsoonal - a rainy season occurs during the summer months, when moisture-laden winds blow from the ocean over the land, and a dry season during the winter months, when dry winds blow from the Asian landmass back to the ocean; tropical cyclones (typhoons) may strike southeast and east Asia from May to December |
| Pakistan | mostly hot, dry desert; temperate in northwest; arctic in north |
| Palau | Tropical; hot and humid; wet season May to November |
| Panama | tropical maritime; hot, humid, cloudy; prolonged rainy season (May to January), short dry season (January to May) |
| Papua New Guinea | tropical; northwest monsoon (December to March), southeast monsoon (May to October); slight seasonal temperature variation |
| Paracel Islands | tropical |
| Paraguay | subtropical to temperate; substantial rainfall in the eastern portions, becoming semiarid in the far west |