| Country | Environment - current issues |
| Cayman Islands | no natural fresh water resources; drinking water supplies must be met by rainwater catchments |
| Central African Republic | tap water is not potable; poaching has diminished the country's reputation as one of the last great wildlife refuges; desertification; deforestation |
| Chad | inadequate supplies of potable water; improper waste disposal in rural areas contributes to soil and water pollution; desertification |
| Chile | widespread deforestation and mining threaten natural resources; air pollution from industrial and vehicle emissions; water pollution from raw sewage |
| China | air pollution (greenhouse gases, sulfur dioxide particulates) from reliance on coal produces acid rain; water shortages, particularly in the north; water pollution from untreated wastes; deforestation; estimated loss of one-fifth of agricultural land since 1949 to soil erosion and economic development; desertification; trade in endangered species |
| Christmas Island | loss of rainforest; impact of phosphate mining |
| Clipperton Island | NA |
| Cocos (Keeling) Islands | fresh water resources are limited to rainwater accumulations in natural underground reservoirs |
| Colombia | deforestation; soil and water quality damage from overuse of pesticides; air pollution, especially in Bogota, from vehicle emissions |
| Comoros | soil degradation and erosion results from crop cultivation on slopes without proper terracing; deforestation |
| Congo, Democratic Republic of the | poaching threatens wildlife populations; water pollution; deforestation; refugees responsible for significant deforestation, soil erosion, and wildlife poaching; mining of minerals (coltan - a mineral used in creating capacitors, diamonds, and gold) causing environmental damage |
| Congo, Republic of the | air pollution from vehicle emissions; water pollution from the dumping of raw sewage; tap water is not potable; deforestation |
| Cook Islands | NA |
| Coral Sea Islands | no permanent fresh water resources |
| Costa Rica | deforestation and land use change, largely a result of the clearing of land for cattle ranching and agriculture; soil erosion; coastal marine pollution; fisheries protection; solid waste management; air pollution |
| Cote d'Ivoire | deforestation (most of the country's forests - once the largest in West Africa - have been heavily logged); water pollution from sewage and industrial and agricultural effluents |
| Croatia | air pollution (from metallurgical plants) and resulting acid rain is damaging the forests; coastal pollution from industrial and domestic waste; landmine removal and reconstruction of infrastructure consequent to 1992-95 civil strife |
| Cuba | air and water pollution; biodiversity loss; deforestation |
| Cyprus | water resource problems (no natural reservoir catchments, seasonal disparity in rainfall, sea water intrusion to island's largest aquifer, increased salination in the north); water pollution from sewage and industrial wastes; coastal degradation; loss of wildlife habitats from urbanization |
| Czech Republic | air and water pollution in areas of northwest Bohemia and in northern Moravia around Ostrava present health risks; acid rain damaging forests; efforts to bring industry up to EU code should improve domestic pollution |
| Denmark | air pollution, principally from vehicle and power plant emissions; nitrogen and phosphorus pollution of the North Sea; drinking and surface water becoming polluted from animal wastes and pesticides |
| Dhekelia | netting and trapping of small migrant songbirds in the spring and autumn |
| Djibouti | inadequate supplies of potable water; limited arable land; desertification; endangered species |
| Dominica | NA |
| Dominican Republic | water shortages; soil eroding into the sea damages coral reefs; deforestation |
| Ecuador | deforestation; soil erosion; desertification; water pollution; pollution from oil production wastes in ecologically sensitive areas of the Amazon Basin and Galapagos Islands |
| Egypt | agricultural land being lost to urbanization and windblown sands; increasing soil salination below Aswan High Dam; desertification; oil pollution threatening coral reefs, beaches, and marine habitats; other water pollution from agricultural pesticides, raw sewage, and industrial effluents; limited natural fresh water resources away from the Nile, which is the only perennial water source; rapid growth in population overstraining the Nile and natural resources |
| El Salvador | deforestation; soil erosion; water pollution; contamination of soils from disposal of toxic wastes |
| Equatorial Guinea | tap water is not potable; deforestation |
| Eritrea | deforestation; desertification; soil erosion; overgrazing; loss of infrastructure from civil warfare |
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