| Country | Geography - note |
| El Salvador | smallest Central American country and only one without a coastline on Caribbean Sea |
| Equatorial Guinea | insular and continental regions widely separated |
| Eritrea | strategic geopolitical position along world's busiest shipping lanes; Eritrea retained the entire coastline of Ethiopia along the Red Sea upon de jure independence from Ethiopia on 24 May 1993 |
| Estonia | the mainland terrain is flat, boggy, and partly wooded; offshore lie more than 1,500 islands |
| Ethiopia | landlocked - entire coastline along the Red Sea was lost with the de jure independence of Eritrea on 24 May 1993; the Blue Nile, the chief headstream of the Nile by water volume, rises in T'ana Hayk (Lake Tana) in northwest Ethiopia; three major crops are believed to have originated in Ethiopia: coffee, grain sorghum, and castor bean |
| European Union | void |
| Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) | deeply indented coast provides good natural harbors; short growing season |
| Faroe Islands | archipelago of 17 inhabited islands and one uninhabited island, and a few uninhabited islets; strategically located along important sea lanes in northeastern Atlantic; precipitous terrain limits habitation to small coastal lowlands |
| Fiji | includes 332 islands; approximately 110 are inhabited |
| Finland | long boundary with Russia; Helsinki is northernmost national capital on European continent; population concentrated on small southwestern coastal plain |
| France | largest West European nation |
| French Polynesia | includes five archipelagoes (four volcanic, one coral); Makatea in French Polynesia is one of the three great phosphate rock islands in the Pacific Ocean - the others are Banaba (Ocean Island) in Kiribati and Nauru |
| French Southern and Antarctic Lands | islands component is widely scattered across remote locations in the southern Indian Ocean
Bassas da India (Iles Eparses): the atoll is a circular reef that sits atop a long-extinct, submerged volcano
Europa Island and Juan de Nova Island (Iles Eparses): wildlife sanctuary for seabirds and sea turtles
Glorioso Island (Iles Eparses): the islands and rocks are surrounded by an extensive reef system
Tromelin Island (Iles Eparses): climatologically important location for forecasting cyclones in the western Indian Ocean; wildlife sanctuary (seabirds, tortoises) |
| Gabon | a small population and oil and mineral reserves have helped Gabon become one of Africa's wealthier countries; in general, these circumstances have allowed the country to maintain and conserve its pristine rain forest and rich biodiversity |
| Gambia, The | almost an enclave of Senegal; smallest country on the continent of Africa |
| Gaza Strip | strategic strip of land along Mideast-North African trade routes has experienced an incredibly turbulent history; the town of Gaza itself has been besieged countless times in its history |
| Georgia | strategically located east of the Black Sea; Georgia controls much of the Caucasus Mountains and the routes through them |
| Germany | strategic location on North European Plain and along the entrance to the Baltic Sea |
| Ghana | Lake Volta is the world's largest artificial lake |
| Gibraltar | strategic location on Strait of Gibraltar that links the North Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea |
| Greece | strategic location dominating the Aegean Sea and southern approach to Turkish Straits; a peninsular country, possessing an archipelago of about 2,000 islands |
| Greenland | dominates North Atlantic Ocean between North America and Europe; sparse population confined to small settlements along coast; close to one-quarter of the population lives in the capital, Nuuk; world's second largest ice cap |
| Grenada | the administration of the islands of the Grenadines group is divided between Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and Grenada |
| Guam | largest and southernmost island in the Mariana Islands archipelago; strategic location in western North Pacific Ocean |
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