| Country | Geography - note |
| Mauritania | most of the population concentrated in the cities of Nouakchott and Nouadhibou and along the Senegal River in the southern part of the country |
| Mauritius | the main island, from which the country derives its name, is of volcanic origin and is almost entirely surrounded by coral reefs; home of the dodo, a large flightless bird related to pigeons, driven to extinction by the end of the 17th century through a combination of hunting and the introduction of predatory species |
| Mayotte | part of Comoro Archipelago (18 islands) |
| Mexico | strategic location on southern border of US; corn (maize), one of the world's major grain crops, is thought to have originated in Mexico |
| Micronesia, Federated States of | four major island groups totaling 607 islands |
| Moldova | landlocked; well endowed with various sedimentary rocks and minerals including sand, gravel, gypsum, and limestone |
| Monaco | second-smallest independent state in the world (after Holy See); almost entirely urban |
| Mongolia | landlocked; strategic location between China and Russia |
| Montenegro | strategic location along the Adriatic coast |
| Montserrat | the island is entirely volcanic in origin and comprised of three major volcanic centers of differing ages |
| Morocco | strategic location along Strait of Gibraltar |
| Mozambique | the Zambezi flows through the north-central and most fertile part of the country |
| Namibia | first country in the world to incorporate the protection of the environment into its constitution; some 14% of the land is protected, including virtually the entire Namib Desert coastal strip |
| Nauru | Nauru is one of the three great phosphate rock islands in the Pacific Ocean - the others are Banaba (Ocean Island) in Kiribati and Makatea in French Polynesia; only 53 km south of Equator |
| Navassa Island | strategic location 160 km south of the US Naval Base at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba; mostly exposed rock with numerous solution holes but with enough grassland to support goat herds; dense stands of fig trees, scattered cactus |
| Nepal | landlocked; strategic location between China and India; contains eight of world's 10 highest peaks, including Mount Everest and Kanchenjunga - the world's tallest and third tallest - on the borders with China and India respectively |
| Netherlands | located at mouths of three major European rivers (Rhine, Maas or Meuse, and Schelde) |
| Netherlands Antilles | the five islands of the Netherlands Antilles are divided geographically into the Leeward Islands (northern) group (Saba, Sint Eustatius, and Sint Maarten) and the Windward Islands (southern) group (Bonaire and Curacao); the island of Saint Martin is the smallest landmass in the World shared by two independent states, the French territory of Saint Martin and the Dutch territory of Sint Maarten |
| New Caledonia | consists of the main island of New Caledonia (one of the largest in the Pacific Ocean), the archipelago of Iles Loyaute, and numerous small, sparsely populated islands and atolls |
| New Zealand | about 80% of the population lives in cities; Wellington is the southernmost national capital in the world |
| Nicaragua | largest country in Central America; contains the largest freshwater body in Central America, Lago de Nicaragua |
| Niger | landlocked; one of the hottest countries in the world; northern four-fifths is desert, southern one-fifth is savanna, suitable for livestock and limited agriculture |
| Nigeria | the Niger enters the country in the northwest and flows southward through tropical rain forests and swamps to its delta in the Gulf of Guinea |
| Niue | one of world's largest coral islands |
| Norfolk Island | most of the 32 km coastline consists of almost inaccessible cliffs, but the land slopes down to the sea in one small southern area on Sydney Bay, where the capital of Kingston is situated |
| Northern Mariana Islands | strategic location in the North Pacific Ocean |
| Norway | about two-thirds mountains; some 50,000 islands off its much indented coastline; strategic location adjacent to sea lanes and air routes in North Atlantic; one of most rugged and longest coastlines in the world |
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