word | | Languages |
| a blend of Portuguese | Cape Verde | Portuguese (official), Crioulo (a blend of Portuguese and West African words) |
| a blend of Swahili | Comoros | Arabic (official), French (official), Shikomoro (a blend of Swahili and Arabic) |
| a creole language | Papua New Guinea | ... English (official), Hiri Motu (official), some 860 indigenous languages spoken (over one-tenth of the world's total) note: Tok Pisin, a creole language, is widely used and understood |
| a distinct Pacific Island language | Nauru | Nauruan (official, a distinct Pacific Island language), English (widely understood, spoken, and used for most government and commercial purposes) |
| a first language for | Sierra Leone | English (official, regular use limited to literate minority), Mende (principal vernacular in the south), Temne (principal vernacular in the north), Krio (English-based Creole, spoken by the descendants of freed Jamaican slaves who were settled in the Freetown area, a lingua franca and a first language for 10% of the population but understood by 95%) |
| a large number of minor Amerindian | Brazil | Portuguese (official and most widely spoken language) note: less common languages include Spanish (border areas and schools), German, Italian, Japanese, English, and a large number of minor Amerindian languages |
| a lingua franca | Sierra Leone | English (official, regular use limited to literate minority), Mende (principal vernacular in the south), Temne (principal vernacular in the north), Krio (English-based Creole, spoken by the descendants of freed Jamaican slaves who were settled in the Freetown area, a lingua franca and a first language for 10% of the population but understood by 95%) |
| a lingua franca trade language | Congo, Democratic Republic of the | French (official), Lingala (a lingua franca trade language), Kingwana (a dialect of Kiswahili or Swahili), Kikongo, Tshiluba |
| a mixture of | Norfolk Island | English (official), Norfolk (a mixture of 18th century English and ancient Tahitian) |
| a Polynesian language | Tokelau | Tokelauan (a Polynesian language), English |
| a Polynesian language closely related to Tongan | Niue | English (official), Niuean (a Polynesian language closely related to Tongan and Samoan) |