word | | Languages |
| a blend of Portuguese | Cape Verde | Portuguese, Crioulo (a blend of Portuguese and West African words) |
| a blend of Swahili | Comoros | Arabic (official), French (official), Shikomoro (a blend of Swahili and Arabic) |
| a distinct Pacific Island language | Nauru | Nauruan (official; a distinct Pacific Island language), English widely understood, spoken, and used for most government and commercial purposes |
| a first language for | Sierra Leone | English (official, regular use limited to literate minority), Mende (principal vernacular in the south), Temne (principal vernacular in the north), Krio (English-based Creole, spoken by the descendants of freed Jamaican slaves who were settled in the Freetown area, a lingua franca and a first language for 10% of the population but understood by 95%) |
| a large number of minor Amazonian | Peru | Spanish (official), Quechua (official), Aymara, and a large number of minor Amazonian languages |
| a large number of minor Amerindian | Brazil | Portuguese (official and most widely spoken language); note - less common languages include Spanish (border areas and schools), German, Italian, Japanese, English, and a large number of minor Amerindian languages |
| a lingua franca | Sierra Leone | English (official, regular use limited to literate minority), Mende (principal vernacular in the south), Temne (principal vernacular in the north), Krio (English-based Creole, spoken by the descendants of freed Jamaican slaves who were settled in the Freetown area, a lingua franca and a first language for 10% of the population but understood by 95%) |
| a lingua franca trade language | Congo, Democratic Republic of the | French (official), Lingala (a lingua franca trade language), Kingwana (a dialect of Kiswahili or Swahili), Kikongo, Tshiluba |
| a mixture of | Norfolk Island | English (official), Norfolk - a mixture of 18th century English and ancient Tahitian |
| a Polynesian language | Tokelau | Tokelauan (a Polynesian language), English |
| a Polynesian language closely related to Tongan | Niue | Niuean, a Polynesian language closely related to Tongan and Samoan; English |
| a Punjabi variant | Pakistan | Punjabi 48%, Sindhi 12%, Siraiki (a Punjabi variant) 10%, Pashtu 8%, Urdu (official) 8%, Balochi 3%, Hindko 2%, Brahui 1%, English (official; lingua franca of Pakistani elite and most government ministries), Burushaski ... |
| a Swahili | Mayotte | Mahorian (a Swahili dialect), French (official language) spoken by 35% of the population |
| a Tahitian | Pitcairn Islands | English (official), Pitkern (mixture of an 18th century English dialect and a Tahitian dialect) |
| a Turkish | Iraq | Arabic, Kurdish (official in Kurdish regions), Turkoman (a Turkish dialect), Assyrian (Neo-Aramaic), Armenian |
| a Turkish | Moldova | Moldovan (official, virtually the same as the Romanian language), Russian, Gagauz (a Turkish dialect) |
| Abkhaz is the | Georgia | Georgian 71% (official), Russian 9%, Armenian 7%, Azeri 6%, other 7%
note: Abkhaz is the official language in Abkhazia |
| administration | Tanzania | Kiswahili or Swahili (official), Kiunguja (name for Swahili in Zanzibar), English (official, primary language of commerce, administration, and higher education), Arabic (widely spoken in Zanzibar), many local languages
note: |
| administrative language | Luxembourg | Luxembourgish (national language), German (administrative language), French (administrative language) |
Afar
 map | Djibouti | French (official), Arabic (official), Somali, Afar |
Afar
map | Eritrea | Afar, Arabic, Tigre and Kunama, Tigrinya, other Cushitic languages |
| Afghan Persian or Dari | Afghanistan | Afghan Persian or Dari (official) 50%, Pashto (official) 35%, Turkic languages (primarily Uzbek and Turkmen) 11%, 30 minor languages (primarily Balochi and Pashai) 4%, much bilingualism ... |
African
map | Angola | Portuguese (official), Bantu and other African languages |
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This page was last updated on 30 November, 2008 |
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